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Every organisation is exposed to the possibility of fire losses. Irrespective of whether the organisation is a business trying to make a profit or a charitable trust trying to carry out its mission, a fire loss can seriously hinder it from achieving its objectives or even totally destroy it.
Accordingly, most organisations seek to control their exposures to accidental fire losses by preventing fires, by taking measures to limit the size of losses that occur, and by using insurance or some other method to pay for losses that cannot be avoided, prevented or limited.
Measures to limit the size of fire losses come within the ambit of a highly researched and developed subject called Fire Loss Prevention. Ample treatises have been written on this subject and the measures suggested have been adopted by many organisations with outstanding results.
Fire insurance is the most common method to pay for fire losses and one of the oldest forms of insurance. The term 'fire' as used in insurance means 'actual ignition' caused accidentally. The three things which are required to have a fire are
Once started, the chain reaction must be uninterrupted. As more fuel burns, the amount of heat present usually increases. Strong fires usually create their own air drafts, thus bringing more oxygen to the fuel. So fires grow, engulfing more and more fuel as the burning process literally feeds on itself.
In short, the presence of actual flames is required for a fire to occur in insurance parlance. Mere scorching or charring does not constitute a fire. Damage to property caused by smoke consequent to a fire and damages by water used for extinguishing the fire are treated as fire losses in the fire insurance policies.
Other than fire, a fire insurance policy seeks to cover damages as a result of operation of allied perils like lightning, explosion or natural calamities whether fire ensues or not.
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